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Linum bienne

Mill. (1768)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Linaceae Genus: Linum

blue flax, pale flax

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Biennial, short-lived perennial, or rarely annual herbs.

Stems: Stems ascending or occasionally erect, slender, 6–60 cm long, glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades linear to linear–lanceolate, 6–12 mm long, 0.5–1.6 mm wide. Apex acuminate. Surfaces glabrous. Margins entire. 1–3-veined. Sessile.

Flowers: Flowers in helicoid cymes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic. Sepals subequal, narrowly ovate, 4–5.5 mm long, midvein raised, margins of inner sepals scarious and somewhat ciliate, margins of outer sepals entire, apex acuminate. Petals blue, obovate, 8–14 mm long, distinct. Stamens connate at base; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, flowers homostylous; placentation axile; ovules 2 per carpel, pendulous, anatropous; stigmas terminal and linear.

Fruit: Capsules subglobose; 4–6 mm long; with an apical beak ca. 1 mm long. Seeds flat.

Ploidy: 2n = 30–32

Habitat: Apparently sparingly naturalized in meadows.

Elevation Range: ca. 1,280 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (52)

Adenolinum angustifolium (Huds.) Rchb. (1837)
Cathartolinum agreste Rchb. (1837)
Cathartolinum multicaule Small (1907)
Linum acuminatum Moench (1794)
Linum affine Panz. ex Schult. (1820)
Linum agrestre Brot. (1804)
Linum ambiguum Jord. (1848)
Linum angustifolium Huds. (1778)
Linum angustifolium f. arenicola Bolzon (1913)
Linum angustifolium f. clandestinum Caball. (1945)
Linum angustifolium proles ambiguum (Jord.) Rouy (1897)
Linum angustifolium subvar. nanum Rouy & Foucaud (1897)
Linum angustifolium var. agreste (Brot.) DC. (1824)
Linum angustifolium var. ambiguum (Jord.) P.Fourn. (1937)
Linum angustifolium var. cribrosum (Rchb.) Porta (1879)
Linum angustifolium var. elatior Marès & Vigin. (1880)
Linum angustifolium var. genuinum Rouy (1897)
Linum angustifolium var. imperforatum Strobl (1886)
Linum angustifolium var. siculum (C.Presl) Rouy & Foucaud (1897)
Linum angustifolium var. submicranthum Hochr. (1904)
Linum arvense Bubani (1901)
Linum austriacum Sims (1808)
Linum bienne f. punctatum P.Monts. (1958)
Linum bienne var. nanum (Rouy & Foucaud) P.Monts. (1958)
Linum bienne var. papillosum Molero & Romo (1988)
Linum bienne var. siculum (C.Presl) Giardina & Raimondo (2007)
Linum cribrosum Rchb. (1844)
Linum dehiscens Vavilov & Elladi (1940)
Linum dehiscens subsp. angustifolium (Huds.) Vavilov & Elladi (1940)
Linum hispanicum Mill. (1768)
Linum hispanicum f. cribrosum (Rchb.) Rothm. (1944)
Linum hispanicum f. imperforatum (Strobl) Rothm. (1944)
Linum hispanicum var. ambiguum (Jord.) Rothm. (1944)
Linum marginatum Poir. (1814)
Linum multicaule Hedw. ex Steud. (1821)
Linum narbonense Desf. (1798)
Linum perenne Vill. (1787)
Linum perenne var. pyrenaicum (Pourr.) Planch. (1868)
Linum pyrenaicum Pourr. (1788)
Linum siculum C.Presl (1826)
Linum tenuifolium With. (1796)
Linum usitatissimum f. angustifolium (Huds.) Pau (1924)
Linum usitatissimum subsp. angustifolium (Huds.) Thell. (1912)
Linum usitatissimum subsp. bienne (Mill.) Stank. (1987)
Linum usitatissimum subsp. hispanicum (Mill.) Thell. (1912)
Linum usitatissimum var. ambiguum (Jord.) Gaut. (1897)
Linum usitatissimum var. angustifolium (Huds.) Paol. (1901)
Linum usitatissimum var. cribrosum (Rchb.) Paol. (1901)
Linum usitatissimum var. imperforatum Strobl (1979)
Linum usitatissimum var. siculum (C.Presl) Paol. (1901)
Linum viscosum var. brachiatum Lapeyr. (1813)
Linum viscosum var. pyrenaicum (Pourr.) Steud. (1821)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 8 (1768)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:850 (EM); Oppenheimer 2004:13 (K); Starr et al. 2006:36 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Linum bienne Mill. Mauna Kea, Puu Mali Subalpine mamane scrub, a`a substrate. Associated vegetation: Pennisetum clandestinum, Sophora chrysophylla. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. 040723-4 Hawaii BISH 7/23/2004
2 Linum bienne Mill. East Maui, Wailaulau, west side of gulch. Grazed area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H101902 Maui PTBG 10/18/2019
3 Linum bienne Mill. mahaulepu, near paoo point Naturalized in sandy soil in alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h40213 Kauai BISH 4/26/2002
4 Linum bienne Mill. Mahaulepu, near Paoo Point Naturalized in sandy soil in alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H40213 Kauai BISH 4/26/2002
5 Linum bienne Mill. wailaulau, pahihi planeze meadows PRESERVED_SPECIMEN medeiros, a.c. collector number: 239 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
6 Linum bienne Mill. Mahaulepu, near Paoo Point Naturalized in sandy soil in alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H40213 Kauai BISH 4/26/2002
7 Linum bienne Mill. Honolulu, Pensacola St. (1400 block) Overgrown lawn next to sidewalk. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Lao, C. s.n. Oahu BISH 3/5/2009
8 Linum bienne Mill. Mauna Kea, Puu Mali Subalpine mamane scrub, a`a substrate. Associated vegetation: Pennisetum clandestinum, Sophora chrysophylla. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Starr, F. Starr, K.; Crummer, J. Collector Number: 040723-4 Hawaii BISH 7/23/2004
9 Linum bienne Mill. Mahaulepu, near Paoo Point. In sandy soil in alien vegetation. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H40213 Kauai PTBG 4/26/2002
10 Linum bienne Mill. mauna kea, puu mali PRESERVED_SPECIMEN starr, f. starr, k.; crummer, j. collector number: 040723-4 Oahu BISH 7/23/2004
11 Linum bienne Mill. Mauna Kea, Puu Mali. Subalpine mamane scrub, a'a substrate. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forest Starr Starr-040723-4 Hawaii PTBG 7/23/2004
12 Linum bienne Mill. Lualualei; ridge W of Pohakea Pass; NW of Palikea. Collected on cliffs & seen along ridge. Elev.2280-2470 ft. Rappel. Metrosideros Lowland Mesic Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 3051 Oahu PTBG 3/2/1994
13 Linum bienne Mill. Wailaulau, Pahihi planeze meadows PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Medeiros, A.C. 239 Maui BISH 7/23/1982
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